Production of Foxtail-Millet-Based Composite Antioxidant Nutritive Flour Using Coarse Grains and Fruit Flour

Abstract

Antioxidants are primarily responsible for the beneficial health effects of foxtail millet. This study evaluated a foxtail-millet-based composite antioxidant nutritive flour consisting of fermented foxtail millet, coarse grains, and fruit powders. The composition of the antioxidant nutritive flour was optimized, and it was found to be rich in antioxidant nutrients, such as phenolics (2.27 g/100 g), vitamin C (0.21 g/100 g), and polysaccharides (0.35 g/100 g). The results revealed that this composite nutritive flour has enhanced in vitro and in vivo physicochemical properties and higher antioxidant activities than commercial nutritive flour. The total antioxidant capability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) capability, and superoxide radical scavenging abilities were 0.84 mM Trolox equivalents/g, 38.29 U/g, and 42.02%, respectively. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD and glutathione peroxidase increased, whereas malondialdehyde levels decreased in the liver, heart, and kidney of mice treated with the nutritive flour, indicating the potential antioxidant activity of this fermented foxtail-millet-based nutritive flour.