Clinical aspects of chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Any patient seeking any form of medical advice at any clinic or hospital, or from a doctor or other healthcare worker, should have their blood pressure recorded and a urine dipstick test done. The most useful indication of a diagnosis of any stage of chronic kidney disease, is the presence of either hypertension, urinary dipstick abnormality or both. Many practitioners frequently refer such patients to urologists, which must be discouraged. Referral should be to a nephrologist or specialist physician.