Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase in intensive and extensive breeding animals in Burkina Faso

Abstract

Introduction: extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) determinants have been detected in clinical isolates and commensal bacteria from humans and animals. We investigated, the ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in stool from intensive and extensive breeding animals (cattle, pigs, and poultry) in Burkina Faso. Methods: we identified our bacterial strains by MALDI-TOF. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested with Kirby Bauer method and ESBL genes identified by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: from March to June 2017 in the Bobo-Dioulasso area, we investigated stool samples collected from healthy animals (cattle = 251; pigs = 250 and poultry = 397) in one (1) slaughterhouse, five (5) livestock farms, and one (1) poultry market. The frequency of ESBL gene carriage was 41.03% among cattle, 69.60% among pigs, 0.8% among intensive farming, and 19.1% among extensive poultry farming. Only all the poultry were fed with antibiotics. The bacterial strains carrying the ESBL were E. coli (278/315) and K. pneumonia (36/315). The ESBL genes carried were CTX-M 15, TEM, and Oxa-1-like. These three β-lactamase genes were associated in some bacterial strains. The E. coli strains belonged most commonly to the phylogroup A.Conclusion: this high level of resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to antibiotics in livestock in Burkina Faso by the production of ESBL, could suggest environmental contamination of the livestock with ESBL-producing bacteria.