Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex associated with sinopulmonary disease, northeastern USA

Abstract

Members of the Mycobacterium chelonaeabscessus complex represent Mycobacterium species that cause invasive infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. We report the detection of a new pathogen that had been misidentifi ed as M. chelonae with an atypical antimicrobial drug susceptibility profi le. The discovery prompted a multicenter investigation of 26 patients. Almost all patients were from the northeastern United States, and most had underlying sinus or pulmonary disease. Infected patients had clinical features similar to those with M. abscessus infections. Taxonomically, the new pathogen shared molecular identity with members of the M. chelonae-abscessus complex. Multilocus DNA target sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization, and deep multilocus sequencing (43 full-length genes) support a new taxon for these microorganisms. Because most isolates originated in Pennsylvania, we propose the name M. franklinii sp. nov. This investigation underscores the need for accurate identifi cation of Mycobacterium spp. to detect new pathogens implicated in human disease.