Integrated Impact of Zoning Compliance, Monitoring, Participation, Multi-Stakeholder Support, and Technology Support on Spatial Policy Implementation and ESG Sustainability in the North Kolaka Mining Sector

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of zoning compliance, monitoring, community participation, multi-stakeholder support, and technology support on the successful implementation of spatial planning policies and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance in the mining sector of North Kolaka Regency. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through a survey of 371 respondents using proportional random sampling. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS) with the help of SmartPLS 4. The results showed that zoning compliance, community participation, government role, community role, and technology support had a significant effect on spatial planning policy, while the frequency of monitoring and the role of the private sector did not show a significant effect. In addition, the roles of government, the private sector, the community, technology support, and spatial planning policy proved to have a positive effect on ESG performance, while community participation had no significant effect. This research contributes to the literature on the implementation of ESG-based spatial planning policies in the mining sector, as well as providing strategic recommendations to improve policy effectiveness through multi-stakeholder synergies and technology optimization.