Sustainable Tourism and SDGs in the South Caucasus

Abstract

This study examines sustainable tourism practices in the South Caucasus region (Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) through the lens of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A scoping literature review was conducted, analyzing academic papers from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Content analysis and expert validation were employed to map synergies and trade-offs between sustainable tourism practices and the 169 SDG targets. The analysis of 94 papers reveals 434 connections, comprising 276 synergies and 158 trade-offs. Notable synergies were identified with SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). The study highlights region-specific challenges and opportunities, including the need for water resource management in Azerbaijan and the potential of wine tourism in Georgia. Findings underscore the importance of cross-border cooperation and tailored approaches to SDG implementation, considering each country's distinct characteristics. The research contributes to understanding the complex interactions between sustainable tourism and SDGs in the South Caucasus, offering insights for policymakers and stakeholders.