Near-rings in which each element is a power of itself

Abstract

Let R denote a near-ring such that for each x [formula omitted] R, there exists an integer n(x) > 1 for which xn(x) = x. We show that the additive group of R is commutative if 0.x; = 0 for all x [formula omitted] R and every non-trivial homomorphic image R¯ of R contains a non-zero idempotent e commuting multiplicatively with all elements of R¯. As the major consequence, we obtain the result that if R is distributively-generated, then R is a ring – a generalization of a recent theorem of Ligh on boolean near-rings. © 1970, Australian Mathematical Society. All rights reserved.