Soil Pollution Index (SPI) for an Area of 10 Km Radius from the Proposed Carbon Black Manufacturing Unit at Pudi Village, Rambilli Mandal, and Visakhapatnam District.

Abstract

The soil is a natural body composed of different layers of mineral constituents of varying thicknesses, which differ from their parent materials on the basis of morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics. Soil which consists of broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical processes. It varies from its parent rock due to interactions between all the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere, it is a mixture of mineral & organic constituents that are solid, gaseous and aqueous. Soil that is loosely packed, forming a soil structure filled with pore spaces.Soil is used in agriculture where it serves as the primary plant nutrient base but is shown to be hydrophonic and not essential for plant growth if the nutrients contained in the soil could be dissolved in solution.. This types of soils used in agriculture vary with respect to the species of plants that are cultivated.