Review—Sensor Evaluation for Thiamethoxam Detection in Different Matrices

Abstract

Thiamethoxam (3-[(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl] tetrahydro-5-methyl-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4- imine) is a representative compound of new neonicotinoid insecticides, which can selectively act on the central nervous system of insects and is widely used to control sucking insect pests. Due to its extensive usage, high water solubility, high leaching capability, low soil adsorption, and poor biodegradability, the residues of the thiamethoxam persist in the environment with adverse effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop analytical tools for the monitoring of thiamethoxam. An electrochemical sensor is suitable for rapid and simple analyses of pesticides, which are likely to persist at a trace level in agro-environments, including agricultural products, soil, and water. Here, the new trends in sensors development and the application for the detection of thiamethoxam in the environmental are described. The fundamental analytical performance of the electrodes is discussed. The application of these sensors for thiamethoxam monitoring in different matrices is reported.