Urinary metabolomics research for Huangqi Jianzhong Tang against chronic atrophic gastritis rats based on 1H NMR and UPLC-Q/TOF MS

Abstract

Objectives: As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (HQJZ) has a good efficacy in treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Our objective was to determine its mechanism based on the urine comprehensive metabolome. Methods: In the study, a metabolomic approach was applied to reveal the efficacy of HQJZ on the constructed CAG rats coupled with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS). Key findings: The results showed the regulatory effect of HQJZ on urinary metabolism disorder in CAG rats was similar to the positive drug teprenone. Nineteen and 16 potential biomarkers related to CAG were detected by NMR and UPLC-Q/TOF MS, respectively. Thirty-two urine metabolites were significantly regulated by HQJZ treatment. Combined with MetPA and partial least square regression analysis (PLS-RA), three metabolic pathways of valine, leucine and isoleucine, TCA cycle, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism were the most relevant pathways for HQJZ treatment. Conclusions: The main mechanism of HQJZ might be due to the balance of energy consumption, inflammatory inhibition, improvement of the immune system and oxidative stress on the constructed CAG rats. These findings provided comprehensive metabolic information of TCM by parallel measurements by LC-MS and NMR.