Ocular hypertension and hypotony as determinates of outcomes in uveitis

Abstract

Purpose: To assess ocular hypertension (OHT) and hypotony as outcomes of uveitis in patients managed in a mid-Atlantic tertiary care center. Methods: Retrospective, observational study of uveitis patients seen at the University of Virginia from 1984 to 2014. Results: A total of 442 patients (582 eyes) with uveitis were identified and included in the study. The patient population was 57.0% female. Overall, 61.9% were Caucasian and 26.6% were African American. Mean age was 46.8 years. Overall, 11.5% of the eyes had OHT at initial visit, and 7.9% had OHT at final visit (P=0.035). For each additional decade of life, the odds that an eye had OHT were elevated by a factor of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.02, 1.30], P=0.027) at initial visit and by a factor of 1.15 (95% CI: [1.00, 1.32], P=0.055) at final visit. The odds that an anterior uveitis eye had OHT were greater by a factor of 2.50 (95% CI: [1.22, 5.14], P=0.013) than the odds for a nonanterior uveitis eye at initial visit and greater by a factor of 2.61 (95% CI: [1.24, 5.50], P=0.011) at final visit. For each additional 0.5 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution increase in initial visual acuity, the odds that an affected eye had OHT were elevated by a factor of 1.18 (95% CI: [1.00, 1.39], P=0.047) at initial visit and 1.23 (95% CI: [0.99, 1.54], P=0.065) at final visit. Overall, 21 of 582 eyes (3.6%) were hypotonous initially, while 24 of 582 eyes (4.1%) were hypotonous at final follow-up (P=0.631). Conclusion: OHT was associated with increasing age, anterior uveitis, and poor presenting visual acuity. Ocular hypotony was more common in anterior uveitis than in nonanterior uveitis. Fluctuations in intraocular pressure are an important cause of visual impairment in patients with uveitis. Careful monitoring of all uveitis patients, and especially those most at risk for fluctuations in intraocular pressure, can preserve vision and improve patient outcomes.