Declining diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive fibrosis tests is associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase in chronic hepatitis B

Abstract

To explore the effect of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on the performance of non-invasive fibrosis tests in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. METHODS A total of 599 treatment-naive and biopsy-proven CHB patients were included in the study. The cohort was divided into the following three groups: Normal ALT (ALT ≤ 40), slightly elevated ALT (40 < ALT ≤ 80) and elevated ALT (ALT > 80). The diagnostic performance of five common non-invasive fibrosis tests for liver fibrosis (stages S2-4), including the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet (PLT) ratio index (APRI), fibrosis index based on 4 factors (FIB-4), King's score, Forns index and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-to-PLT ratio (GPR), were evaluated for each group.RESULTS Higher ALT levels were associated with higher non-invasive fibrosis test scores. Patients with the same fibrosis stage but higher ALT levels showed higher noninvasive test scores. The areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUROCs) of the noninvasive tests for prediction of ≥ S2 were higher for patients with ALT ≤ 40 U/L (range 0.705-0.755) and 40 80 U/L (range 0.604-0.701). The AUROCs for predicting ≥ S3 and S4 were higher in patients with ALT ≤ 40 U/L (range 0.736-0.814 for ≥ S3, 0.79-0.833 for S4) than in patients with 40 80 U/L (range 0.7-0.784 for ≥ S3, range 0.662-0.719 for S4). The diagnostic accuracy of the non-invasive tests decreased in a stepwise manner with the increase in ALT. CONCLUSION ALT has a significant effect on the diagnostic performance of non-invasive fibrosis tests. The ALT level should be considered before performing these noninvasive tests.