Phenolic acid profiles and antioxidant activity of major cereal crops

Abstract

Phenolic acids (PAs) are a dominant group of phenolic compounds in cereals, existing mostly bound to compounds of cell wall. In this study, a total of 25 cereal grain samples, including wheat, winter and spring barley, corn, and popcorn, were evaluated for bound PAs and antioxidant activity in a two-year field trial. The PA contents, determined by HPLC, were significantly affected by cereal type. The mean total PA content was highest in popcorn and corn (3298 and 2213 µg/gdm, respectively), followed by winter and spring barley (991 and 908 µg/gdm, respectively) and wheat (604 µg/gdm). Ferulic acid was the most abundant, accounting from 62% to 83% of total PAs (in popcorn and winter and spring barley, respectively). Across cereals, p-coumaric (35–259 µg/gdm) and p-hidroxybenzoic (45–79 µg/gdm) were also dominant, while in corn and popcorn o-coumaric (71 and 89 µg/gdm, respectively) also occurred in higher content. The mean total phenol content ranged from 853 µg GAE/gdm (wheat) to 1403 µg GAE/gdm (winter barley) with DPPH scavenging activity from 14% to 67%, respectively. A significant influence of crop years on the ferulic acid and total PA content was found, while the variability of other PAs was dependent on the cereal type. The results indicated a high health benefit potential of selected cereals.