CircRNAs: a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system neoplasms

Abstract

A circRNA is a type of endogenous noncoding RNA that consists of a closed circular RNA molecule formed by reverse splicing; these RNAs are widely distributed in a variety of biological cells. In contrast to linear RNAs, circRNAs have no 5′ cap or 3′ poly(A) tail. They have a stable structure, a high degree of conservation, and high stability, and they are richly and specifically expressed in certain tissues and developmental stages. CircRNAs play a very important role in the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors. According to their origins, circRNAs can be divided into four types: exon-derived circRNAs (ecRNAs), intron-derived circRNAs (ciRNAs), circRNAs containing both exons and introns (EIciRNAs) and intergenic circRNAs. A large number of studies have shown that circRNAs have a variety of biological functions, participate in the regulation of gene expression and play an important role in the occurrence and progression of tumors. In this paper, the structure and function of circRNAs are reviewed, along with their biological role in malignant tumors of the digestive tract, in order to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system neoplasms.