Evaluation of Male Infertility

Abstract

Infertility is a condition that has psychological and social effects on couples. Around 50% of fertility problems originate in males. The causes of male infertility are highly variable, and many health conditions, congenital or acquired diseases can affect male fertility. While some causes are reversible, some of the causes are curable but not reversible. The main purpose of a male assessment is to identify correctable causes that may affect the fertility or health status of the patient. Correction of curable or reversible factors can improve both couples to have children and improve the general health of the man. Despite several research in this field, in many cases, the underlying causes are unknown. A proper infertility evaluation is essential to prevent complications associated with assisted reproductive techniques and testicular sperm extraction (TESE), and psychological problems that may result from failure, and to provide accurate preoperative information to patients. Initial evaluation for fertility should include a detailed physical examination along with his medical and reproductive history. Although sperm analysis is still a critical assessment in evaluating male infertility, the introduction of advanced diagnostic tests facilitates the determination of the etiology. This paper discusses the evaluation of male infertility in light of current guidelines.