IoT-Enabled Bio-Organic Fertilizer Monitoring for Residual Palm Materials for Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

Agriculture has emerged as one of the Internet of Things' (IoT) most notable applications due to its quick and widespread adoption. This study presents several IoT applications in agriculture, focusing on using a sensor system to monitor the quality of bioorganic fertiliser. This system detects changes in temperature, humidity, acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), and the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Then, it sends the data to the cloud platform (ThingSpeak) via MCU ESP32 over Wi-Fi. In the Nong Sue district, 6,083 palm oil plantations generate 9,360 kilos of palm trash per field annually, categorized as a carbon and nitrogen source (C/N). Collaborating with farmers, community businesses, and Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), this study addresses the challenge of palm waste disposal and its environmental impact, seeking to produce bio-organic fertilizers from this waste using hostile bacteria while reducing soil nitrate levels. To improve the product's quality and quantity, this study integrates an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor system that utilizes intelligent sensors to oversee critical physical and biological factors, ensuring accurate quality monitoring. The paper identifies a research gap in applying IoT technology to quality control in organic fertilizer manufacturing and presents a holistic solution, contributing to sustainable agriculture and improved crop yields. The outcomes of the experiment reveal that this sensor system performs exceptionally well in the precise and reliable detection and monitoring of both physical and biological components through smart devices; this achievement ultimately plays a role in generating Bio-Organic fertilizer products of superior quality.