Genetic studies and their implication to breed desired plant type in opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L.

Abstract

The extent of genetic variability, heritability, correlation coefficient and path analysis were analyzed for opium yield, seed yield and eight component traits in a group of 101 germplasm lines of different ecogeographical origin. Heritability was high for all the characters except capsules/plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance and coefficient of variability was noticed for capsule weight/plant, capsule area, husk yield/plant, seed yield/plant, opium yield/plant and leaves/plant. Opium yield, seed yield, husk yield and capsule weight exhibited positively significant correlation among themselves and these four characters had also positive significant genotypic correlation with plant height, branches/plant, capsules/plant, capsule area and leaves/plant. Path coefficient analysis indicated that capsule weight/plant had highest direct path towards opium yield (2.267) followed by capsules/plant (0.291), capsule area (0.203), plant height (0.155) and leaves/plant (0.101). Considering the direct and indirect selection of major contributors, a plant type in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) based on multiple selection index has been discussed to enhance opium yield on one hand and dual purpose varieties (opium and seed yield) on the other hand.Vrsena su ispitivanja geneticke varijabilnosti, naslednosti, koeficijenta korelacije i pat analiza prinosa opijuma, prinosa semena i devet komponenata prinosa, u grupi koja se sastojala od sto jednog (101) genotipa razlicitog ekogeografskog porekla. Utvrdjen je visok stepen naslednosti za sve ispitivane osobine izuzev broja kapsula po biljci. Visok stepen naslednosti, ukopcan sa visokim stepenom genetickog poboljsanja i koeficijentom variranja je utvrdjen za tezinu kapsule po biljci, povrsinu kapsule, prinos ljuske po biljci, prinos po biljci, prinos opijuma po biljci i broju listova po biljci. Utvrdjen je visok stepen kako medjusobne korelacije izmedju prinosa opijuma, prinosa semena, prinosa ljuske i tezine kapsule tako i pozitivna znacajna korelacija ovih osobina sa visinom biljke, brojem grancica po biljci, brojem kapsula po biljci, povrsinom kapsule i brojem listova po biljci. Pat koeficijent analiza ukazuje da tezina kapsule ima direktan uticaj na prinosu opijuma (2.267) a zatim slede broj kapsula po biljci (0.291), povrsina kapsule (0.203), visina biljke (0.155) i broj listova po biljci (0.101). Obzirom na direktnu ili indirektnu selekciju na glavne osobine, tip biljke opijumskog maka (Papaver somniferum L.) zasnovan na multiplom selekcionom indeksu je diskutovan u cilju povecanja prinosa opijuma s jedne strane i dobijanja sorata sa dvostrukom namenom (visok prinos sa visokim sadrzajem opijuma.