THE EFFECT OF DROUGHT ON WHEAT PLANTS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES

Abstract

The climatic conditions of Ukraine and Odessa region in particular are gradually changing: average temperatures are rising, the distribution of precipitation is becoming uneven, cases of extreme weather conditions, such as droughts, showers, significant temperature fluctuations are becoming more frequent. This leads to the need for detailed studies of the influence of climatic factors on economically important plants and the mechanisms of drought resistance. Such information will facilitate the process of creating universal varieties and improving systems of agronomic measures. The aim of this work was to systematize information on the impact of moisture deficiency on biochemical processes, growth, development and productivity of soft winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), depending on the phase of development during which there is a drought in the Southern steppe of Ukraine, in particular in the Odessa region. Modern publications on the impact of drought on winter wheat plants at different growth stages were analysed. The data on the climate conditions of Odesa region during the last 20 years (2000-2019) were summarized and correspondence of the phenological phases of winter wheat to different periods of weather conditions during the growth in the South Steppe zone of Ukraine was analysed. It was concluded that the most negative impact of drought takes place during seed germination and early growth, at flowering and grain filling and is due to the inhibition of growth, photosynthesis, and reproductive processes.