New beam-tracking simulation code using bulk-to-point calculation technique for space charge fields

Abstract

A new two-dimensional beam-tracking simulation code for electron injectors using a bulk-to-point calculation technique for space charge fields was developed. The calculated space charge fields are produced not by a point charge but by a hollow cylinder that has a volume. Each tracked electron is a point charge. This bulk-to-point calculation technique for space charge fields is based on that used in the multiple beam envelope equations, which were developed by the author. The multiple beam envelope equations are a set of differential equations for investigating the beam dynamics of electron injectors and can be used to calculate bunched beam dynamics with high accuracy. However, there is one limitation. The bunched beam is assumed to be an ensemble of several segmentation pieces in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. In this bunch model, each longitudinal segmentation slice in a bunch must not warp; consequently, the accuracy of the calculated emittance is reduced in the case of a highly charged beam for calculations of a typical rf gun injector system. This limitation is related to the calculation model of longitudinal space charge fields. In the newly developed beam-tracking simulation code, the space charge field calculation scheme is upgraded and the limitation has been overcome. Therefore, the applicable range is extended while maintaining the high accuracy of emittance calculations. Simultaneously, the calculation time is markedly shortened because the emittance dependence on the segmentation number is extremely weak. In this paper, several examples of beam dynamics that cannot be calculated accurately using the multiple beam envelope equations are demonstrated using the new beam-tracking simulation code. The accuracy of the calculated emittance is also discussed.