On the nature of the deeply embedded protostar OMC-2 FIR 4

Abstract

We use mid-infrared to submillimeter data from the Spitzer, Herschel, and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescopes to study the bright submillimeter source OMC-2 FIR 4. We find a point source at 8, 24, and 70 μm, and a compact, but extended source at 160, 350, and 870 μm. The peak of the emission from 8 to 70 μm, attributed to the protostar associated with FIR 4, is displaced relative to the peak of the extended emission; the latter represents the large molecular core the protostar is embedded within. We determine that the protostar has a bolometric luminosity of 37 L ⊙, although including more extended emission surrounding the point source raises this value to 86 L ⊙. Radiative transfer models of the protostellar system fit the observed spectral energy distribution well and yield a total luminosity of most likely less than 100 L ⊙. Our models suggest that the bolometric luminosity of the protostar could be as low as 12-14 L ⊙, while the luminosity of the colder (∼20 K) extended core could be around 100 L ⊙, with a mass of about 27 M ⊙. Our derived luminosities for the protostar OMC-2 FIR 4 are in direct contradiction with previous claims of a total luminosity of 1000 L ⊙. Furthermore, we find evidence from far-infrared molecular spectra and 3.6 cm emission that FIR 4 drives an outflow. The final stellar mass the protostar will ultimately achieve is uncertain due to its association with the large reservoir of mass found in the cold core. © 2014. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.