Review of Mechanical, Electrochemical, Electrical, and Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Used for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The population rate in the world is increasing rapidly. Depending on the population, the need for transportation increases at the same rate. Traditional vehicles, which provide great convenience in transportation, have some disadvantages. For example, the fossil fuels used in conventional vehicles create greenhouse gasses such as CO2 and N2O. This has a negative impact on global warming. To eliminate these negative aspects, interest in electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) technology studies has recently increased. Some problems have arisen with these technological studies. The range problem in vehicles is the biggest of these problems. Therefore, various solutions are sought for energy storage problems in vehicles. In this article, studies on HEVs and energy storage in EVs are examined. According to the data obtained from this examination, the performance analysis of the Energy Storage Systems (ESS) was made. The performances of the electrochemical batteries used in HEVs and EVs were compared. In addition, a flywheel energy storage system was investigated in HEVs and EVs to recover the energy lost due to braking.