Enfermedad fúngica invasora en pacientes de cinco hospitales de la región de valparaíso, Chile. 2004 a 2009

Abstract

Introduction: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. These infections are caused mainly by Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Objectives: To describe IFD diagnosed by culture in adults and children from five hospitals in Valparaiso, Chile and to determine the species involved and the in vitro sensitivity of Candida spp. Material and Methods: Biodemographical data, results of cultures, antifungal treatment and mortality after 30 days, was collected. The fungi were identified by standard methods and the sensitivity of the yeasts was obtained according to the M44-A CLSI document. Results: Fifty one IFD were diagnosed, 13 in patients with haematological malignancies and 10 in immunocompetent patients from the adult ICU. The following fungal species were isolated: 34 yeasts, 15 filamentous fungi and 2 Histoplasma capsulatum. There were 33 proven and 1 probable IFD by yeasts. By filamentous fungi, there were 6 proven and 9 probable IFD, 13 out of 15 isolated species were Aspergillus (A. fumigatus being the most frequent). C. albicans was the most frequent isolated yeast, followed by C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. All were sensitive to fluconazol and voriconazol, excepting C. glabrata. The mortality by Candida and by filamentous fungi was 42.42% and 86.66% respectively. Conclusions: IFD was diagnosed mainly in immunocompromised and adult ICU patients. The mortality rate in IFD by filamentous fungi was higher than Candida group. The main agents involved were Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. A high sensitivity to fluconazol and voriconazol was found in strains of Candida.