Misrepresentation of Overall and By-Gender Mortality Causes in Film Using Online, Crowd-Sourced Data: Quantitative Analysis

Abstract

Background: The common phrase “representation matters” asserts that media has a measurable and important impact on civic society’s perception of self and others. The representation of health in media, in particular, may reflect and perpetuate a society’s disease burden. Objective: In this study, for the top 10 major causes of death in the United States, we aimed to examine how cinematic representation overall and by-gender mortality diverges from reality. Methods: Using crowd-sourced data on over 68,000 film deaths from Cinemorgue Wiki, we employ natural language processing techniques to analyze shifts in representation of deaths in movies versus the 2021 National Vital Statistics Survey top 10 mortality causes. We parsed, stemmed, and classified each film death database entry, and then categorized film deaths by gender using a specifically trained gender text classifier. Results: Overall, movies strongly overrepresent suicide and, to a lesser degree, accidents. In terms of gender, movies overrepresent men and underrepresent women for nearly every major mortality cause, including heart disease and cerebrovascular disease (chi-square test, P