An Extensive Review on Microgrid Protection Issues, Techniques and Solutions

Abstract

Past decade has witnessed a constant reduction in conventional energy resources and a surge of environmental concerns globally. Distributed generations now stand as a potential replacement to suffice for the vast spectrum of power requirements. As an efficient amalgamation of distributed resources, microgrids deliver dependable and cost-effective power. In the instances of faults being induced in the main grid, it becomes pertinent that the distribution system operates separated from grid generators, which results in the microgrid becoming islanded. Islanded microgrid, due to inverter-based sources, has a limitation of maximum 2 p.u fault current. These reduced fault currents along with alteration in their magnitude and direction, and transition between connected to grid and islanded operation, renders conventional schemes of protection ineffective. This paper addresses to various protection issues and protection schemes in a microgrid. The advantages and limitations of various protection schemes are also covered.