Synthesis of SnO2 for Thermoelectric Applications Using the Hydrothermal, Co-precipitation, and Co-Precipitation Sonication Methods

Abstract

Tin oxide (SnO2) holds promise in thermoelectric applications. The paper explores the preparation of SnO2 nanoparticles by employing various methods. Synthesis of SnO2 material is carried out using a comparison of several methods, including the hydrothermal method, co-precipitation method, and co- precipitation sonication. This comparison aims to identify the most efficient method for SnO2 synthesis with the best performance in thermoelectric applications. Characterization techniques such as SEM-EDX, XRD, and thermoelectric properties, electrical resistivity, electrical conductivity were utilized. Results obtained in the thermoelectric performance test, specifically electrical resistivity and electrical conductivity, showed a decrease in resistivity with increasing temperature for all three methods. In the hydrothermal method, excessively high temperatures led to difficulties in accurately measuring electrical resistivity. The co- precipitation method proved to be the most effective for SnO2 synthesis.