Comparison of black student enrollment in us schools and colleges of pharmacy, medicine, and dentistry

Abstract

Objective. Promoting equity and diversity in health care must include increasing the population of minority health care professionals. The purpose of this study was to: evaluate changes in Black professional student enrollment in schools and colleges of pharmacy, medicine, and dentistry; determine whether significant differences exist in Black professional student enrollment among these schools; and rate schools on how well Black professional student enrollment reflects state populations and compare ratings between 2010 and 2019 (for purposes of this study, professional student refers to students enrolled in Doctor of Medicine [MD], Doctor of Pharmacy [PharmD], or Doctor of Dental Medicine [DMD]/Doctor of Dental Surgery [DDS] degree programs). Methods. Enrollment data were obtained through the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Association of American Medical Colleges, and American Dental Association for fall 2010 through fall 2019. The average percentage of Black students enrolled and the rate of change over time was determined. Schools were rated on their percentage of Black students relative to the percentage of Black residents in their state. Kruskal-Wallis H test, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and chi-square tests were performed to quantify differences in enrollment and college ratings. Results. Schools of pharmacy and medicine experienced a significant increase in Black student enrollment between 2010 and 2019, but schools of dentistry did not. Pharmacy and medical schools also had significantly greater Black student enrollment in 2019 compared to dentistry. The proportion of schools of pharmacy and medicine with failing ratings decreased between 2010 and 2019. Conclusion. To facilitate improved access and limit health and health care disparities, it is important that health professions schools and colleges reflect the diversity of the patient populations they serve. Serious and intentional efforts toward diversification, inclusivity, and equity are necessary to improve Black student enrollment.