Health-related quality of life in infants and toddlers with congenital heart disease: A cross-sectional survey from South India

Abstract

Objective There are limited data on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for infants and toddlers with congenital heart disease (CHD). We sought to compare generic HRQOL of infants and toddlers between CHD subjects and controls. Design Dual-setting, cross-sectional analytical survey. Setting We collected HRQOL data on infants and toddlers through a community survey for controls and through a hospital-based survey for those with CHD. Patients A total of 499 subjects with confirmed CHD in the age group of 1-24 months admitted for elective surgery in the study institution were selected by consecutive sampling. In addition, we selected 628 control children in the same age group from an area within the 10 km radius of the study institution. Main outcome measures The data contain parent proxy report of HRQOL. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0) was used to collect HRQOL data. Questionnaires were self-administered for parents. Results The mean total proxy HRQOL scores were significantly higher in control infants compared with infants with CHD (adjusted mean difference 5.0, 99%CI 2.5 to 7.5, p<0.001). Corresponding figure for toddlers was 7.6 (95%CI 5.0 to 10.2, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in total HRQOL scores across CHD functional classes among infants and toddlers (p=0.212 and p=0.502, respectively). Conclusions Infants and toddlers with uncorrected CHD have significant deficiency in proxy HRQOL compared with their controls. The functional class of CHD appears to have no differential impact on overall HRQOL deficiency in this age group.