Building‐Integrated Photovoltaic Modules Using Additive‐Manufactured Optical Pattern

Abstract

This paper suggests a novel way to manufacture power‐efficient building‐integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules that are aesthetically acceptable for use in zero‐energy buildings (ZEBs). An optical pattern is formed using additive manufacturing (AM) to maximize the number of sunrays that reach the solar cells and to hide cells beneath the pattern. The optical pattern was optimized by simulation, then selected PV modules were fabricated to ensure that they met the optimal optical pattern conditions. Increase in pattern angle and lens space yielded increase in the output power of the PV module, but reduced the aesthetic functionality. This color BIPV technology is expected to help expand the BIPV market and reduce carbon for “net zero” objectives.