Tetanus neurotoxin utilizes two sequential membrane interactions for channel formation

Abstract

Background: Tetanus neurotoxin enters the neuronal cytosol to block the release of neurotransmitters. Results: Channel formation is enhanced by receptor binding and dependent on acidic lipids. Conclusion: A two-step sequential process takes place: ganglioside-mediated membrane anchorage, followed by pH-triggered channel formation modulated by the membrane environment. Significance: This represents a new paradigm for how A-B toxins translocate enzymatic domains across cellular membranes. © 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.