The effect of exercise on social cognitive function in adolescents: the mechanism of emotion

Abstract

With increasing global attention on adolescent mental health and cognitive development, physical activity has emerged as a key factor in promoting all-round development. This study investigates the effects of moderate-intensity physical activity on adolescents’ social cognitive function, with a focus on the mediating role of emotional regulation. A 12-week intervention was conducted with 300 adolescents aged 12 to 18. Physical activity levels were objectively measured using accelerometers, social cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), and emotional state was measured using the Emotional Regulation Scale (ERS). The results showed that moderate-intensity physical activity significantly improved social cognitive functions, particularly in social information processing and emotional understanding (p < 0.01). Emotional regulation played a key mediating role in this process, explaining 38% of the total effect (p < 0.001). Gender and BMI were also found to moderate this effect, with females and individuals with a normal BMI showing more significant improvements (p < 0.05). These findings support the integration of moderate physical activity into adolescents’ routines to enhance their cognitive, emotional, and social development.