Using two-sided messages to combat misinformation: An overview

Abstract

Two-sided messages, that is, communications that acknowledge both sides of an issue while still advocating for one, are a potential approach for correcting misinformation and fostering openness to correction information. In this article, we explore the effectiveness of using two-sided messages. Drawing parallels between attitude change and misinformation correction, we summarize recent studies demonstrating that individuals with deeply entrenched beliefs become more receptive to changing them when their perspectives are acknowledged in two-sided (versus one-sided) communications. Key mechanisms described include reciprocity and enhanced source credibility. Practical implications suggest that communicators, policymakers, and educators could incorporate two-sided messaging to correct misinformation, particularly targeting individuals with strongly held misbeliefs. By acknowledging the reasons behind the acceptance of misinformation while presenting factual corrections, this approach can bridge divides, encourage openness to alternative viewpoints, and ultimately facilitate belief correction.