Nematoda Parasit pada Seledri (Apium Graveolens L.) dan Pengendaliannya Menggunakan Bakteri Endofit Secara In Vitro

Abstract

Root knot nematodes can cause disease on celery. Endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents is an alternative for controlling nematodes. This research aimed to identify plant-parasitic nematodes that associated with celery in Cikole Village, Cihideung, and Ciputri and control these nematodes using endophytic bacteria. Nematodes were extracted from soil and root samples by flotation-centrifugation and mist chamber techniques. Root knot nematodes were identified based on their morphological characters and were characterized by the female perineal pattern. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from 'kenikir' on TSA 20%. Bacteria obtained were subsequent hypersensitive test, hemolysis test and in vitro test. Four species of root knot nematodes, which were M. incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica, and M. hapla were identified. Eleven bacteria isolates showed negative reaction on hipersensitive test and hemolysis test. Isolates with code EB45, EB48, EB28, EB13, EB49 caused nematodes mortality with the highest percentage of 53.74%, 51.41%, 49.45%, 47.71%, and 47.69% at 12 hours after in vitro treatment. ABSTRAK Nematoda puru akar (Meloidogyne spp.) merupakan salah satu patogen penyebab penyakit pada seledri. Pengendalian nematoda puru akar menggunakan bakteri endofit merupakan salah satu alternatif pengendalian yang dapat dipertimbangkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengidentifikasi nematoda puru akar yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman seledri di Desa Cikole, Cihideung, dan Ciputri serta pengendaliannya menggunakan bakteri endofit. Ekstraksi nematoda menggunakan metode flotasi-sentrifugasi dan pengabutan. Identifikasi nematoda berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi, dan karakter pola perineal nematoda betina. Bakteri endofit diisolasi dari tanaman kenikir. Bakteri endofit yang didapatkan selanjutnya di uji hipersensitif, uji aktivitas hemolisis dan uji in vitro. Empat spesies nematoda puru akar, yaitu M. incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica dan M. hapla teridentifikasi berdasarkan karakter pola perineal. Sebanyak 11 isolat menunjukkan reaksi negatif uji hipersensitif dan uji aktivitas hemolisis. Isolat dengan kode EB45, EB48, EB28, EB13, EB49 merupakan isolat dengan jumlah mortalitas nematoda terbanyak dengan persentase berturut-turut 53,74%, 51,41%, 49,45%, 47,71%, dan 47,69% pada 12 jam setelah perlakuan pada uji in vitro.