Clinical Supervision Models and Frameworks Used in Nursing: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Aim: To provide an overview of clinical supervision models and frameworks used in nursing and map them to their areas of use in nursing. Design: A scoping review guided by JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Methods: A systematic search using CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Emcare databases for English-language papers published at any time and ProQuest and Google Scholar databases for unpublished guidelines was conducted in June 2023 and repeated in June 2024. Results: Thirty-nine papers covering thirty-three clinical supervision models and frameworks highlighted conceptual confusion, lack of evidence for informed choices, and a need for balanced clinical supervision to enhance the reflective, critical thinking, and support of nurses transitioning to advanced practice. Conclusion: Further development is needed for clinical supervision models to support nurses transitioning to advanced practice. Implications for the Profession: A clearer understanding of clinical supervision within contemporary nursing practice to support nurses' critical reflective thinking for advanced practice. Impact: A clearer understanding of clinical supervision within contemporary nursing practice. Importance of meta-communication skills training for nurses and supervisors. Structured clinical supervision content should be based on nurses' clinical specialty and experience. Reporting Method: Reporting was guided by The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contributions were included as secondary data was used.