Role of cyclic nucleotides in vasodilations of the rat thoracic aorta induced by adenosine analogues

Abstract

1. Although adenosine analogues such as 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) relax the rat thoracic aorta in a partially endothelium-dependent manner via adenosine A2A receptors, others such as N6-R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) act via an endothelium-independent, antagonist-insensitive mechanism. The role of cyclic nucleotides in these relaxations was investigated in isolated aortic rings using inhibitors of adenylate and guanylate cyclases as well as subtype-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors. 2. The adenylate cyclase inhibitor 9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (SQ 22536; 100 μM) significantly inhibited responses to NECA, but not responses to R-PIA. The type IV (cyclic AMP-selective) phosphodiesterase inhibitor 4-[(3-butoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-imidazolidinone (RO 20-1724; 30 μM) significantly enhanced responses to NECA and to a lesser extent those to R-PIA. 3. The guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 100 μM) significantly inhibited responses to NECA and acetylcholine but not responses to R-PIA. The selective phosphodiesterase V (cyclic GMP-selective) inhibitors, zaprinast (10 μM) and 4-{[3′,4′-(methylenedioxy)benzyl]amino}-6-methoxyquinazoline (MMQ; 1 μM), had no significant effect on responses to either NECA or R-PIA, but enhanced responses to acetylcholine. 4. These results are consistent with the effects of NECA being via activation of endothelial receptors to release NO which stimulates guanylate cyclase, as well as smooth muscle receptors coupled to stimulation of adenylate cyclase. The lack of effect of zaprinast and MMQ on responses to NECA are likely to be due to simultaneous activation of both adenylate and guanylate cyclases in the smooth muscle, as cyclic AMP reduces the sensitivity of phosphodiesterase V to inhibitors. These results also suggest that the effects of R-PIA are via neither of these mechanisms.