PERUBAHAN BERTANI PADI SECARA BELALLE’ PADA MASAYAKAT MELAYU SAMBAS DI DESA PENAKALAN

Abstract

Belalle' is a mutual cooperation culture that is still carried out in Penakalan Village. The belalle' culture has existed for a long time and developed in the 1970s; even when agricultural management had undergone modernization in the 1980s, the belalle' culture was still carried out even though its implementation began to decrease, not at all stages of agriculture. The purpose of this study was to explain the changes in rice farming in the belalle' way in Penakalan Village and the factors that caused these changes. The method used in this study is the historical method, which includes four steps, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the study showed that several stages in rice farming in Penakalan Village include marimba', ngakas, nayak, incamai, nuggal/nandor, merumput, njamak, and beranyi. In the period 1970-1980, the belalle' culture was carried out in almost all stages of rice farming. In the 1981-1990 period, the Belalle' culture disappeared during the land clearing stages (merimba', ngakas, and nayak), and in the 1991 to 2000s period, only grazing and singing were carried out in the Belalle' manner. Factors causing this change include decreasing land clearing, use of herbicides, and new employment opportunities.