Gravity Energy Storage and Its Feasibility in the Context of Sustainable Energy Management with an Example of the Possibilities of Mine Shafts in Poland

Abstract

This paper discusses the viability and efficiency of gravity energy storage (GES) systems utilizing abandoned coal mine shafts in Poland as a new frontier of energy management within the broader framework of sustainable energy transition. After a thorough analysis of shaft infrastructure, economic factors, and regulatory environment, the research demonstrates how GES is in line with circular economy and sustainability principles yet there are certain technical and financial limitations—smaller lifting capacities and expensive adjustments, for instance—that are currently stalling its large-scale adoption. The results highlight the importance of harmonizing such repurposing efforts with the available renewable energy infrastructure and call for aggressive policy, technological, and funding efforts to sustain the conceptual promise with actual fulfilment.