Whitening Effect of Manalagi Apple (Malus sylvestris) Extract on Tea-Induced Tooth Discoloration

Abstract

Introduction: Tooth discoloration is a change in color that occurs on the enamel and dentin surfaces of a tooth due to the habit of drinking tea. Some fruits are used as natural teeth whitening ingredients, such as Manalagi Apple (Malus sylvestris), which contains malic acid. Method: This study was an experimental study with a pre-and post-test control group design involving 27 samples divided into three groups, Control (K), P1, and P2. We immersed tooth samples from three groups in tea solution for two weeks. After that, the P1 group was immersed with 50% Manalagi Apple extract three times a day for one week and the P2 group three times a day for two weeks, while the Control group (K) did not get any treatment. We analyzed the tooth discoloration before and after immersing 50% of Manalagi Apple extracts utilizing a Colorimeter, with hunter L, a, and b color scales. The color difference value was obtained using the formula of ⧍E(Lab) = [(L)2+(a)2+(b)2]1/2]. Results: The ANOVA test results showed significant differences between the three sample groups (p = 0.00). Besides, the Post-hoc test revealed a significant difference between the K group and the P1 group with a p-value of 0.00 (p <0.05). It also indicated a significant difference between the K group and the P2 group with a p-value of 0.00 (p <0.05). Conclusions: Color changes occurred after immersing the teeth in Manalagi Apple extract for one and two weeks. Immersing the teeth for two weeks caused whiter teeth compared to immersing the teeth for one week.