Notes on Calligrapha Chevrolat (Subgenus Zygogramma Chevrolat) and Tritaenia Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)

Abstract

Zygogramma Chevrolat, 1836 are conspicuous, diverse beetles with economically important species distributed throughout the Americas. This taxon is confirmed as a subjective senior synonym of ZygospilaAchard, 1923 and is treated as a subgenus of Calligrapha Chevrolat, 1836 rather than at full genus rank. TritaeniaMotschulsky, 1860 is treated at genus rank, separate from either Zygogramma or Calligrapha. Ithygramma Clark, Douglas, and Cavan (type species: Zygogramma cognataStål, 1859) is proposed as a new subgenus of Tritaenia and is equivalent to subgenus Zygogramma (sensuAchard, 1923). The following new replacement name is proposed: Calligrapha (Z.) neomexicana Clark, Douglas, and Cavan for Zygogramma mexicanaJacoby, 1882 (junior homonym of Calligrapha mexicanaStål, 1859). The following new combinations are proposed in Calligrapha, subgenus Zygogramma: Calligrapha (Zygogramma) aeneovittataStål, 1859; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) amandaStål, 1859; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) arcuigeraStål, 1859; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) arizonica (Schaeffer, 1906); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) bicolorata (Pallister, 1953); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) bigeneaStål, 1859; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) championi (Jacoby, 1879); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) clathrata (Jacoby, 1882); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) clavareaui (Bowditch, 1911); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) conjuncta (Rogers, 1856); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) continua (LeConte, 1868); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) decempustulata (Jacoby, 1891); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) disrupta (Rogers, 1856); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) dulcisStål, 1859; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) durangoensis (Jacoby, 1891); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) elongatula (Achard, 1924); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) esperanza (Bechyné, 1952); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) estriata (Schaeffer, 1920); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) exclamationis (Fabricius, 1798); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) gracilis (Jacoby, 1882); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) guttaticollisStål, 1859; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) guttulosaStål, 1859; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) heterothecae (Linell, 1896); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) hypocrita (Jacoby, 1882); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) jaliscensis (Bechyné, 1952); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) lemurStål, 1860; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) lentiginosaStål, 1860; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) lepidulaStål, 1859; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) maculicollis (Jacoby, 1891); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) magicaStål, 1859; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) malvaeStål, 1859; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) militaris (Jacoby, 1891); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) mniszechiStål, 1860; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) morbillosaStål, 1860; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) nicaraguensis (Jacoby, 1882); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) obscurofasciata (Jacoby, 1891); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) opiferaStål, 1860; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) ornata (Jacoby, 1882); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) pallida (Bland, 1864); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) piceicollisStål, 1859; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) popaStål, 1860; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) pustulosaStål, 1860; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) quenseliStål, 1860; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) signatipennisStål, 1859; Calligrapha (Zygogramma) stali (Jacoby, 1882); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) suturalis (Fabricius, 1775); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) thoracica (Jacoby, 1891); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) tortuosa (Rogers, 1856); Calligrapha (Zygogramma) tricolorata (Pallister, 1953); and Calligrapha (Zygogramma) violaceomaculataJacoby, 1878. The following new combinations are proposed in Tritaenia, subgenus Ithygramma: Tritaenia (Ithygramma) alternata (Kirsch, 1876); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) appendiculata (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) argentiniensis (Jacoby, 1903); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) assimilis (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) bogotensis (Achard, 1923); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1903); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) bucki (Bechyné, 1953); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) catamarcana (Bechyné, 1948); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) cognata (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) congrex (Stål, 1860); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) connexa (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) deleta (Klug, 1829); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) egregia (Achard, 1923); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) flavivittis (Stål, 1865); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) flavolorata (Stål, 1860); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) flavotaeniata (Stål, 1860); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) formosa (Achard, 1923); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) fossulifera (Bechyné, 1950); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) gounellei (Achard, 1923); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) hexagramma (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) izozensis (Achard, 1923); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) jatahyensis (Achard, 1923); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) lineatipennis (Bowditch, 1911); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) loratella (Achard, 1923); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) marginicollis (Achard, 1923); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) mendesi (Bechyné, 1948); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) monrosi (Bechyné, 1948); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) myops (Stål, 1860); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) nitidicollis (Bechyné, 1944); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) novemtaeniata (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) novemvirgata (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) obenbergeri (Bechyné, 1944); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) obstructa (Bechyné, 1948); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) personata (Stål, 1865); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) punctatella (Achard, 1923); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) quadrilineata (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) quadrilorata (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) rivulosa (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) rustica (Stål, 1865); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) santaecatharinae (Bechyné, 1953); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) satrapa (Stål, 1865); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) sexvittata (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) sladenae (Gahan, 1903); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) tetragramma (Klug, 1829); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) virgata (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) virgo (Stål, 1859); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) viridipennis (Bechyné, 1944); Tritaenia (Ithygramma) vittosa (Stål, 1865); and Tritaenia (Ithygramma) weyrauchi (Bechyné, 1951). Morphological, behavioral, and genetic evidence support treatment of C. (Z.) pallida as a valid species, rather than as a subspecies of C. (Z.) conjuncta. An annotated list is provided for the species of Calligrapha (Zygogramma) occurring in Canada and the United States of America, as well as a diagnostic key, habitus illustrations, and distributional information. Lists of Latin American species of Calligrapha (Zygogramma) and Tritaenia are also provided.