Embryology of the Vascular System

Abstract

Vascular embryology involves the formation of the arterial, venous, and lymphatic systems. Angiogenesis is mediated by growth factors and oxygen supply. Aortic arch abnormalities include bovine aortic arch, coarctation, patent ductus arteriosus, double and right aortic arch. Venous abnormalities include duplicated vena cava, L-sided IVC, and renal vein abnormalities.