A Market Surveillance and an Evaluation Methodology Based on Power Quality, Electromagnetic Compatibility, and Photometric Data for LED Light Sources

Abstract

In lighting projects, cost and energy consumption are often the primary selection criteria for LED lamps. However, additional technical factors such as electromagnetic emissions, harmonic current emissions, overvoltage susceptibility, visual flicker and photometric performance are crucial for ensuring system reliability and long-term regulatory compliance. Ignoring these factors results into power quality issues, electromagnetic interference, flicker, biological hazards and reduced lamp lifespan- particularly in commercial and hospitality environments where lighting operates extensively. This study introduces a comprehensive evaluation framework that extends beyond cost and energy efficiency, incorporating in a versatile and scalable manner technical performance criteria into the selection process. Within a market surveillance study, ten commercially available LED lamps were assessed through measurements and tests in an accredited laboratory. While all tested lamps currently meet harmonized Standards, a large number would exceed the stricter harmonic current limits of EN IEC 61000-3-2 (2019), once harmonized. A weight-based ranking methodology addressing installation-specific requirements is proposed as a tool for identifying the optimum lighting solution. The results showcase that the best performing lamps are not necessarily the most expensive. Additionally, the study explores various electrical environments and lighting scenarios in relation to key UN Sustainable Development Goals 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17.