Σχολικός εκφοβισμός και θυματοποίηση: Ατομικές και οικογενειακές παράμετροι

Abstract

The present paper aims at describing the factors that contribute in thedevelopment of bullying and victimization at school. Prior research has identified three distinct groups of children participating in the above phenomenon: bullies, passive victims and aggressive victims (or bully-victims). These groups have different profiles in their intraindividual(personal), as well as their family environments. The most important personal characteristics refer to their temperament, the degree of psycho-pathology issues, gender and age. Further, differences havebeen found in terms of attitudes such as attributions, and in terms of being different in a way that sets the individual apart from a mainstream group. Regarding family parameters, factors such as parentalinvolvement and parental style, as well as parental depression have been shown to be related to child bullying and victimization at school. Among the many explanatory models that have been suggested, verypopular are recently the transactional models, proposing that a bi-directional influence exists between parents and children.