Metabolic dynamics in short‐ and long‐term microgravity in human primary macrophages

Abstract

Microgravity acts on cellular systems on several levels. Cells of the immune system especially react rapidly to changes in gravity. In this study, we performed a correlative metabolomics analysis on short‐term and long‐term microgravity effects on primary human macrophages. We could detect an increased amino acid concentration after five minutes of altered gravity, that was inverted after 11 days of microgravity. The amino acids that reacted the most to changes in gravity were tightly clustered. The observed effects indicated protein degradation processes in micrograv-ity. Further, glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids were further degraded to Glucose and Ketoleu-cine. The latter is robustly accumulated in short‐term and long‐term microgravity but not in hyper-gravity. We detected highly dynamic and also robust adaptative metabolic changes in altered grav-ity. Metabolomic studies could contribute significantly to the understanding of gravity‐induced integrative effects in human cells.