Frailty Predicts Loss of Independence After Liver Surgery

Abstract

Background: Loss of independence (LOI) is a significant concern in patients undergoing liver surgery. Although the risks of morbidity and mortality have been well studied, there is a dearth of data regarding the risk of LOI. Therefore, this study aimed to assess predictors of LOI after liver surgery. Methods: This study utilized the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data from 2015 to 2018 from a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing liver resections. LOI was defined as the change from preoperative functional independence to the postoperative discharge requirement in a post-care facility. Frailty was defined using the modified frailty index-5 (mFI-5). Results: A total of 22,463 patients underwent hepatectomy via the NSQIP during the study period. In total, 22,067 participants were included in the analysis. A total of 4.7% of patients had LOI after surgery and were discharged to a rehabilitation center or nursing facility. mFI-1 was an independent predictor of LOI (OR:2.2 [1.9–4.3]). However, the odds for LOI were higher (OR:5.1[2.5–8.2]) in patients with mFI ≥ 2. Conclusion: LOI is an important outcome of liver surgery. Frailty is a predictor of LOI and should be used as a guide to inform patients about the potential outcomes.