Robotic esophagectomy: how I do it?

Abstract

Compared to the open approach, minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) offers several advantages including smaller incisions with decreased pain, improved cosmesis, and earlier return of the patient to baseline function. Robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) builds on standard MIE by offering three-dimensional visualization, better instrument articulation, tremor filtration, and superior ergonomics, all of which facilitate technical precision and surgeon comfort. An evolving literature demonstrates that when performed by experienced surgeons, RAMIE leads to improved perioperative outcomes with long-term oncologic equivalency to open approaches, and may offer advantages compared to traditional MIE. This review focuses on the key steps of performing 3-field McKeown, 2-field Ivor Lewis, and transhiatal robotic esophagectomies, data regarding the short- and long-term outcomes, and a brief overview of upcoming trials comparing RAMIE with MIE.