Government Ownership in GCC Countries: Toward Institutional and Governance Development and Reforms

Abstract

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are pivotal in driving economic diversification, infrastructure development, and job creation. This chapter explores the institutional and governance factors shaping SOEs’ operations and performance, underscoring the need for tailored policies to enhance their impact at both organizational and national levels. By examining ownership structures, regulatory frameworks, and market dynamics, it identifies key challenges and opportunities facing SOEs in the GCC. The analysis emphasizes the importance of transparent governance, strategic investment, and institutional reforms to fully realize the potential of SOEs for sustainable economic growth and long-term stability.