Prevalence of canine herpesvirus 1 and associated risk factors among bitches in Iranian breeding kennels and farms

Abstract

Background: Canine herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) is an important cause of death in newborn puppies and of fertility problems in adult dogs. Identification of risk factors may help to reduce infection rates and alleviate concerns for dog owners and breeders. This study was designed to screen for CHV-1 infection in bitches of breeding kennels and farms in Iran and relate this to possible risk factors. Methods: A total of 63 vaginal samples were collected from dogs in 5 breeding kennels (n = 47) and from 7 farms (n = 16). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the CHV-1 specific glycoprotein B (gB) gene. Prevalence rates were evaluated in relation to various risk factors, including region, housing, vaccination, deworming, pregnancy, reproductive problems, number of dogs living together and hygiene conditions. Results: In total, 21 (33.3%) of 63 vaginal samples were positive for CHV-1 DNA. The prevalence rate in farms (7/16; 43.7%) was higher than in kennels (14/47; 29.7%). No association was found between CHV-1 prevalence and potential risk factors. Conclusions: CHV-1 is highly prevalent in dogs in Iranian farms and kennels. Since the CHV1 vaccine is unlicensed in Iran, effective management strategies are essential to reduce the consequences of this pathogen.