Optimization of a water distribution system in Kenya

Abstract

Supplying water in significant quality and quantity is still a challenge for developing countries. Juja water distribution system located in Kenya faces low-pressure and inadequate residual chlorine concentration challenges and requires capacity boosting to meet the minimum requirements of a water supply system. For optimizing the existing Juja distribution network, the current study proposes some feasible solutions. The solutions comprise of network repairs, recommissioning of an existing tank coupled with a system of chlorine booster points, an addition of a booster pump and, changes in diameters of some pipes. The analysis was carried out using Epanet 3.0 hydraulic model. The hydraulic capacity of the upgraded network met the minimum requirements of a distribution system. Pressures in the distribution system ranged between 16.91 m to 63.63 m at user points after optimization with acceptable maximum headloss of 18.24 m/km and velocity of 2.25 m/s. The hydraulic behavior of the network satisfied general guidelines. The water quality analysis showed reasonable residual chlorine concentration, with 95% of the supply area ranging between 0.40 and 0.60 mg/l after upgrade by the model. These study results were recommended and shared with the Juja water company, which is currently undertaking a review process of the supply system.