Posttraumatic Growth Among Survivors of Natural Disaster in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

After a natural disaster, survivors may undergo psychological and emotional challenges. Some experts argue that such traumatic incidents can also foster posttraumatic growth (PTG). This qualitative descriptive study aimed to explore the progression of PTG and the factors influencing it among natural disaster survivors. Seventy individuals originating from disaster-affected regions in Indonesia between 2006 and 2022 participated in 7 focus groups exploring the impact of natural disasters, the perceived catalysts for change, and the PTG process. Thematic analysis revealed 3 distinct but interconnected stages of PTG: (1) Traumatic experience, characterised by fear, loss, and emotional turmoil; (2) Introspection, marked by reflection, spiritual awakening, and re-evaluation of personal values; and (3) Transformation, demonstrated through strengthened relationships, community solidarity, and proactive coping behaviours. These findings highlight the role of spirituality, social support, and cultural values in facilitating growth. PTG was shaped by individual resilience, community, and institutional support at micro, meso, and macro levels. These insights identify the need for culturally sensitive post-disaster interventions that promote recovery and meaningful growth.