Kidney injury molecule-1 is associated with contrast-induced nephropathy in elderly patients with non-STEMI

Abstract

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and the association between CIN and oxidative mechanisms is well documented. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and CIN in elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Methods: This study included a total of 758 patients with NSTEMI, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); 15 developed CIN after PCI, and another 104 were the control group, matched for age > 65 years. Baseline to 48-to-72-hour laboratory values and clinical outcomes were recorded. Patients were followed during one year. P values of < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: CIN was observed in 12.60% of the patients. Serum KIM-1 was significantly higher in the CIN group than in the non-CIN group (14.02 [9.53 – 19.90] vs. 5.41 [3.41 – 9.03], p < 0.001). The Mehran score was significantly higher in the CIN group than in the non-CIN group (14 [5 – 22] vs. 5 [2 – 7], p = 0.001). MACE were significantly higher in the CIN group than in the non-CIN group (7 [46.70%] vs. 12 [11.50%], p = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline KIM-1 level (OR = 1.652, 95% CI: 1.20 – 2.27, p = 0.002) and Mehran score (OR = 1.457, 95% CI: 1.01 – 2.08, p = 0.039) were independent predictors of CIN in elderly patients with NSTEMI. Conclusion: Baseline serum KIM-1 concentration and Mehran score are independent predictors of CIN in elderly patients with NSTEMI. Additionally, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, myocardial reinfarction, stroke, and MACE were significantly higher in the CIN group at one-year follow-up.