Improved Sleep, Diet, and Exercise in Adults with Serious Mental Illness: Results from a Pilot Self-Management Intervention

Abstract

Compared to the general population, adults with serious mental illnesses have elevated rates of medical morbidity resulting in a reduced life expectancy of approximately 15 years. Chronic disease self-management programs for adults with serious mental and chronic medical illnesses show some promise in improving physical health-related outcomes, yet none of them address sleep quality. Poor sleep affects a majority of adults with serious mental illness and is robust risk factor for physical morbidity and premature mortality. This pilot project examined the impact of a 14-week educational and support group that included sleep quality as a cornerstone in promoting wellness and self-management in 78 adults with serious mental illness and poor health. Results provide preliminary data that the self-management program was associated with significant improvements in self-reported sleep quality at post-intervention. At 3-month follow-up, participants reported additional increases in sleep quality as well as in healthy diet and exercise frequency. Addressing sleep quality as part of self-management and wellness programs may be a viable approach to assist adults with chronic mental and physical illnesses to adopt health-promoting changes.